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Keywords: automated construction progress monitoring, industrial revolution 4.0, laser scanning, photogrammetry, image-based matching, geometric matching

Abstract: On large construction sites, numerous contractors work together and must be coordinated in a targeted manner by the project management. To ensure compliance with the budget, schedule and quality, the progress of construction must be continuously monitored by the contractor and client. Conventional methods of construction progress monitoring are personnel-intensive, subjective and inefficient. Automated construction progress monitoring, on the other hand, is objective, standardized and effective and can contribute significantly to the success of a project.

Keywords: Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality, Mixed Reality, Extended Reality, Quality Assurance, Digitization, Component Attributes, Construction Industry, Monitoring Systems

Abstract: This Thesis deals with he automation and autonomisation in site supervision, considering the use of Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR). The human processing of information was analysed to identify the phenomena and problems in the process of supervising construction works on site. A systematisation of an automated process by using AR/VR in site supervision was developed.

All diploma students met for five joint meetings, where they discussed, presented to each other and networked their diploma thesis topics.
External speakers gave presentations at these meetings: Klaus Russell-Wells of joul Wissenschaftskommunikation; Johan Frederik Hartle, the Rector of the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna; Wilhelm Reismann, President of the Austrian Association of Engineers and Architects.

The diploma theses were judged by an independent jury of experts from convex ZT GmbH: first place was achieved by Alice Kraft with "Dealing with risk potentials in the contractor's bid calculation", second place was shared ex aequo by Christoph Stockreiter with "Agile methods in the construction process" and by Maximilian Boandl with "Construction contract formulation with alliance models in the national and international environment".

Keywords: BauKG, bill of quantities, performance specification, standardisation, construction site coordination, Z-position, power plant construction site

Abstract: Large civil engineering construction sites are characterised by a large number of trades and thus usually by a wide variety of companies with associated subcontractors. In some cases, there are already items in the standard specifications, such as the specifications for transport and infrastructure, that have been created specifically for technical safety and health services. Depending on the project, however, additional items are almost always required that relate to the specifics of the respective project. Nevertheless, it is possible to create new standard items for the specifications from some of these additional items. However, it must be clarified on a case-by-case basis whether this is worthwhile for the service in question. This applies not only to specifications, but to any standardisation in the construction industry.

Key words: analysis, autonomous, construction monitoring, documentation, laser scanning,
mobile robot

Abstract: This thesis deals with the topic of construction supervision by using legged robots. For this purpose, first an investigation of the tasks of construction supervision is examined. This is followed by an enumeration of the technical means that are currently available on the market. Based on these two chapters, an analysis of the tasks that have the potential to be automated with the technical means will follow. Using practical examples, specific workflows will finally be tested at the end of the thesis to determine actual use cases. The intention is to carry out as many tasks as possible without human intervention so that expensive personnel can focus on solving problems rather than finding them.

Keywords: alliance contract, partnership model, complexity, risk sharing, fellowship, solution-oriented

Abstract: The construction industry today is characterised by claim management. Contracting parties try to transfer costs to others while gaining their own benefits. For unforeseeable events, culprits are sought and held monetarily responsible. This results in disputes and mistrust, and can prove to be a very resource-intensive undertaking, with the actual goal - the creation of a building - often being pushed into the background. Classical contract models, based on ÖNORM 2110/2118, promote claim management through their sphere theory. This work presents a completely contrary partnership approach, in which a joint cooperation is the highest premise in order to prevent time- and cost-intensive disputes from arising in the first place. The paper starts with a possible classification of construction projects in order to select a suitable contract model. In the next step, possible alternative contract models are discussed before the alliance contract is presented in the main part.

Key words: Agile way of working, lean management, unintentional events, traditional construction
project management, lean construction

Abstract: This Master's Thesis examines "traditional" construction project management and so-called lean construction management according to agile methods and tools for the construction process. The advantages and disadvantages of both methods are presented. Attention is paid to unwanted events in the construction process. A case study was carried out in order to establish a practical reference. The following research question was defined: Is it possible to react agilely to unwanted events in the construction process with the help of a cycle plan? This thesis consists of a theoretical and an empirical part. The theoretical part is based on literature research regarding traditional construction project management and lean construction as well as agile project management. In the practical part, an empirical case study was conducted. It was investigated whether an improvement in the construction process can be achieved with the help of selected agile tools.

Keywords: Offer calculation, Cost accounting, Risk management, Risk competence, Uncertainity

Abstract: This thesis explores the major risk potentials to consider in the cost calculation of a building project and how the contractor deals with them. Firstly, the most important terms in the cost determination are clarified and by some research, the risk in the cost determination is located. Furthermore, solutions are found for dealing with risk and uncertainty. This represents the hypothesis for three expert interviews. The expert interviews analyzed using approaches of the Grounded Theory, a method of qualitative social research. The literature research as well as the expert interviews show, that the greatest risk potentials are the asymmetries in the interpretation of the tender and the uncertainty in procurement of materials and subcontractors. In addition, the organizational risk of the construction contractor is seen as notable. In order to minimize the risk in the offer calculation, it is helpful to put time and effort into proactive resource planning.

Keywords: Warranty, general contractor, subcontractor, ÖNORM, Kamphausen, quotation of damages.

Abstract: This thesis deals primarily with the topic of warranty with a focus on general contractor agreements and the possibilities and consequences thereof.
The main part provides an overview of the legal and normative basis of the warranty, applying the Austrian Civil Code (ABGB) and ÖNORM B 2110:2013. The special features of the warranty in general contractor construction are pointed out, in parallel to various Supreme Court rulings, in expert discussions with experienced persons from the construction industry and jurisprudence.
The possible consequence of faulty performance can be the necessity of an expert to determine the cause of the damage and the causer. These currently make use of the damage quotation method according to Peter Andreas Kamphausen, among others. Finally, the theoretical analysis of this method according to Kamphausen is presented.

Abstract: After a brief walk through the history of Eggenberg from the Stone Age to the present day, with a focus on the building history of the respective era, the history of the current Siemens industrial site in Graz, Alte Poststraße 149, is also explained in detail on the basis of its associated corporate history. Particular emphasis is placed on the development and expansion of this location in Graz, the centre of this thesis. The historical reappraisal of the crises and upswings that have significantly influenced the location clearly shows the necessity of adapting to the requirements of the respective era.

Keywords: BIM, planning, archive, digital data, long-term archiving, software

Abstract: This paper deals with the handling of digital data in building planning and its storage and archiving. The analysis extends to today's planning methods using Building Information Modelling. The BIM methodology is discussed and how it is currently being implemented. Digital long-term archiving and its requirements for data are then described. In order to obtain an overview of the current situation in the planning sector, expert interviews are conducted with people from planning companies and software manufacturers. The core question posed is how digital data will be handled in the future and how access to it can be guaranteed despite the technological development of software. The information obtained will be evaluated and analysed by means of a qualitative content analysis. Furthermore, digital building submissions will be examined and evaluated to see whether long-term archiving of data plays a role.

Abstract: Mountain biking has meanwhile become a popular national sport in Austria. A side effect of this is that more and more infrastructure is required to run this sport. Describing the building structure of a mountain bike trail is an activity that involves certain challenges. In addition to the technical criteria, there are also functional requirements that are often difficult to abstract on paper. The construction target, which should depict all the construction works, must also contain these components. Among other things, it is also an important part of a building contract. In reality, there are clear differences when it comes to the quality of performance specifications. For this reason, the aim of this thesis is to suggest possible solutions for a good description of the performance specifications of a mountain bike trail.

Abstract: Digitalization entails changes in fundamental areas of the building industry. This thesis highlights the potentials, the challenges and the applications caused by the digitalization. Furthermore, the effects on contract design, planning and standardization are analysed. In addition digitalization in the precast concrete industry is specified. In some sections, the planning and fabrication of precast concrete elements is elaborated specifically. Innovations related to digitalization as well as automation, Industry 4.0 and the use of robotics in fabrication are explored. In conclusion, different processes and systems for the 3D printing of elements and entire buildings are clarified. The suitability of different processes for the precast concrete industry is investigated and current limitations and restrictions are presented. On top of this, a range of application is shown that will enable its use in the near future.

Abstract: Based on a practical example of a deep-freeze warehouse to be renovated in the inner-city area of Vienna - Brigittenau, various wall constructions are considered which, from a structural point of view, have to meet the following requirements from a structural point of view: Temperatures inside the deep-freeze warehouse of - 28°C, the associated structural-physical problems and hazards such as frost and associated bursting of the wall structure, fire protection requirements, hygiene requirements and low workplace for the construction of the new wall structure due to adjacent existing freezer halls that could not be renovated. Based on the consideration of different variants of façades or wall structures, a suitable wall structure for the freezer hall to be renovated could be found by means of an exclusion procedure, taking into account the above-mentioned requirements.

Abstract: This thesis deals with construction contract risks that can arise in the course of project implementation. The appropriate type of construction contract depends on the form of project implementation, whereby there are differences from country to country in this respect. In the distribution of construction contract risks, there are both legal and economic principles to consider. The
The contract can be drawn up on the basis of applicable contract standards such as the Austrian ÖNORM B 2110, or by applying international contract models such as the NEC Engineering and Construction Contract (NEC ECC). The contents of the NEC ECC are compared with the national provisions of ÖNORM B 2110 as representative of international standard contract models in the sense of "general contract conditions" for construction contracts. The direct comparison of risk clauses in construction contracts between owner and contractor of both sets of contracts is intended to provide an overview of differences and correspondences. Finally, risk regulations from NEC ECC and ÖNORM B 2110 are shown by means of some case studies.

Abstract: This thesis deals with construction contracts of ÖNORM B2110 to present the situation in Austria and of the FIDIC Red Book to include an international context. In the first chapter, the nature of the construction contract as a contract for work and services is explained in more detail and the legal background of a construction contract is explained. The second chapter explains the origin of ÖNORM B2110 and its structure. Chapter three deals with the same for the FIDIC Red Book. The last three chapters contain three selected chapters of ÖNORM B2110 and their counterpart from the FIDIC Conditions. Finally, each of these three chapters is followed by either a summary or a practical example, with interviews on the topics covered in the respective chapter. Chapter four explains the conditions under which a contract can be rescinded. The practical example in this chapter is a real contract that has been rescinded. The fifth chapter deals with the topics of accounting, payment and security. A practical example shows that it is often necessary to deviate from the ÖNORM. The last chapter deals with default. This chapter is also concluded by an interview.

Abstract: This diploma thesis deals with the investigation of a Gründerzeit building under dynamic excitation using the example of Tichtelgasse 17 in Vienna. The focus was placed on the metrological recording and the evaluation of the vibration parameters, which were carried out on the basis of in-situ measurements. Starting with a short introduction to the basics of earthquakes, basic information about the structure of the building and its construction is described. The vibration measurements on the ceilings and walls, with and without unbalance exciters are an essential part of this work. In the first step, a measurement of the ambient noise was performed. The results show significant excursions in the range of natural frequencies. Subsequently, measurements were made with an unbalance exciter. On the one hand, the natural frequencies of the building were determined and, on the other hand, the courses of the vibration velocities and the vibration paths. The comparison of the two excitation methods shows similar results for the determination of the resonant frequencies, but with very different workloads. Finally, the results of the measurements with the unbalance exciter are compared.

Abstract: Industrial construction is characterised by capital-intensive equipment. Earthquakes could badly damage this equipment, which would result in high losses due to facility downtime. Therefore, a main focus of seismic engineering for industrial construction should be to protect this equipment and provide operability after an earthquake. Seismological basics, provisions for the preliminary design and different methods of structural response analyses are explained in the first chapters of this thesis. Alternatively to the prescriptive seismic design codes, the performance-based design approach is introduced afterwards. This approach allows the owner of an industrial facility to set higher performance objectives and to apply flexible design solutions in order to reduce the losses. The thesis concludes with a comparison of earthquake-risk and the prescriptive seismic design codes of three different countries.

Abstract: This thesis deals with problems that arise when Austrian companies carry out (construction-) works for European or other international clients. Reasoned by the increasing importance of orders from foreign countries in the beginning of the 20th century, as a starting point the foundation of the European Union as a part of the globalization was chosen. Following to that, possible common disturbances from literature (s.a. financial, climatic, geographical or political risks) and standard tools to avoid them are described. Referring to various realized projects the relevance of the literary mentioned problems and tools will be confirmed and further specific regional disturbances are described. These projects are located all over the world- starting with a project in Malaysia, continuing with projects in Europe and Africa and finalizing with a sixt one in South America. In-line of elaborating this thesis, project managers were interviewed about their experiences regarding projects in foreign countries so practical problems could be described. Challenges regarding Health & Safety, logistics and technical as well as design problems are presented as part of the projects. Finally, mitigation instruments for these problems are presented.